Literature is the reflection of social life as other styles of literature do, which was determined by the conditions of the material production system, the conditions of mentality as well as the independent development of the social awareness. It’s to be made clear for people who’d like to study Chinese in China that the arising of the court literature was after the Zhou’s establishment of the Rites of Zhou following the extinguishment of the Shang dynasty.
It’s to be made clear for people who’d like to study Mandarin in China that the court literature of the Qin-Han period was represented by the Shī jīng which has had incorporated three hundred and five pieces, among which the court literature had taken up a large portion.
As to be recognized by friends who’d like to study Chinese in China that the authors of the sections “yǎ” and “sòng” of the Shī jīng were all the slave owners who usually comes in and goes out of the church.
It’s to be recognized by people who’d like to learn Chinese in China that their intention of composing those literary works was many for remonstrating, wishing that the rulers and the grand ministers in power would be sober -headed toward the tyrannical ruling of the king, and there were also some other writers who put emphasizes on the dissipated and voluptuous life in the palace, as well as those singing the prose of the king and to retrospect the history.
The well-known court literature of this period, for students who’d like to study Mandarin in China’s better understanding, includeslù míng 、á mù 、chē gōng 、 yú lì、chū chē、shēng mín 、gōng liú 、huáng yǐ. etc .
It’s also need to be mentioned for people who’d like to learn Chinese in China that The jiǔ gē was a court dance music originating from the southwestern part of China, which was a complete opera. Its significance in the Chu would be comparable to that of zhōu song in the Zhou dynasty.
To the delight of people to study Mandarin in China, there were all types of musical instruments adopted in the performances of dancing and singing of ballads at a magnificently decorated stage on a great range of topics, and the performances were mostly given during the crucial ceremonies, the current jiǔ gē passed down from the history has still well preserved the form system of the Chu’s court literature.
The west Han dynasty was in full bloom under the Wudi’s reign. After the Wudi’s succession to the throne, he successively abandoned the thoughts of the shēn ， shāng ， hán fēi ， sū qín ， zhāng yí , and greatly advocated the Confucianism, which is well-known for people to study Chinese in China ,while prohibiting the thoughts of other schools.
The emperor Wudi had commanded his subordinates to start building houses for the storage of the books, and appointing individual officials of literate to take charg of them, and secretly collect the thoughts of different schools for enrich his book storage. It‘s therefore strongly recommended for people to study Mandarin in China for the convenience of reading.
It must be admirable for people to learn Chinese in China to discover the positive measures taken by the Wudi, during the Han dynasty. To The emperor Wudi also commanded the kingdom to pick up the literate as well as intelligent people and to offer them with official posts, he also advocated the imperial college and confers them with doctorate headings of the five classics, and the Confucianism was at its prosperity under the favorable policies carried out by the Wudi emperor.
It’s predictable for people to study Chinese in China that the lǐ lè which was in connection with the Confucianism was also further strengthened, as the result, the government office for collecting folk songs and ballads yuè fǔ, was also greatly developed.
The famous poetess bān jié yú of the Han dynasty was the grand-aunt of the bān gù , the author of the hàn shū, during the reign of the chéng dì, bān jié yú was picked up to enter into the imperial harem, and what’s makes she worth-noticing for students who’d like to learn Chinese in China is the passing down of her collected works of court literature, which was unique in taking an feminist point of view, and later was referred to as the “complaints from the palace”- gōng yuàn.