For the elementary Chinese students, most of them choose to take the free Chinese lesson to improve their Chinese by learning Chinese words. Furthermore, majority of the foreign students think that it is hard to understand the Chinese without learning Chinese words. On this account, the free Chinese lesson has introduced the common used Chinese words for them.
Chinese students are often confused with the usages of “了” when learning Chinese words. And this passage has introduce the Chinese words “了” in detail for the students of learning Chinese words.
“了”的用法
The usages in learning Chinese words from the free Chinese lesson
1、“了”:With learning Chinese words, you could see that “了” is a function word.
1) S+V+了 动作完成 (movement complete)
今天我吃了早饭。
中午我吃了饭就回房间。
星期五上完了课我就回意大利。
2) Sentence +了 事情已经发生 (things has done already)
今天我吃早饭了。
中午我吃了饭就回房间了。
我的朋友昨天回意大利了。
3) Sentence+了 情况发生变化 (things changed)
春天了,天气暖和了。
下雨了,出门得打伞。
我饿了,我想吃饭。
4)“要……了”、“就要……了”、“快……了”、“快要……了”
要下雨了,快把衣服收进来。 Collect
我星期六就要回国了。
我快要毕业了。(“快要”前不能加时间 non-time words in front of the words“快要”in learning Chinesewords)
1、 汉语里没有时态,一个动词要不要用“了”要看说话的意图。如果在说明某一行为已经完成或者实现,就用“了”例如:
With learning Chinese words, you will notice that Chinese verbs do not have tenses. whether to add“了”after a verb depends on the speaker’s intention. It is us-ed when the speaker emphasizes an action has been completed.
他对我说了再见,就从家里出发,往西边走去。
(这两个动作也完成了,但是意在说明再见之后接着做什么,不是要说明这些动作是否完成,并非意义上完成了动作的都要加“了”)
“从家里出发,往西走去。”
Both are complicated action, but they indicate the actions after taking than stressing the completion of the action. So “了” is not necessary added to every verb denoting a completed action ,except that the speaker intends t-o emphasize the completion of the action.
(2)我坐飞机来到了昆明.
(3)玛丽去图书馆借了一本书。
(4)去年她到上海学习汉语住在上海大学.
2、 不能用“了” Pay attention on the situation of non-“了” in the sentence, learning Chinese words.
(1) 动词有“常常”“每年,每月,每……”“经常”,“总是”等词语,表示动作是经常发生的(“常常”“每年,每月,每……”“经常”,“总是” indicate frequent actions ),不用“了”。
我常常去图书馆看书。
我每天都看中文电视。
我每年都要去山上玩儿。
(2) 有些动词本身不能用“了”,如,是、姓、觉得、希望,需要 等词语。
Those Chinese word cannot be used with “了” such as是、姓、觉得、希望,需要 and so on in learning Chinese words.
我希望明年毕业。
去年她是学生。
句子+了:Express a change or new situation that has risen or confirming the completion or realization of sth
Different usages of “了”in the sentence
(1)A+了 天气冷了。 课文难了。 东西贵了。 我累了。
(2)V+了 下雨了。 他走了。 他是老师了。 我喜欢吃中餐了。
(3)N+了 春天了。 半个月了。
(4)数量词 quantifier+了 七点了,起床吧 。 十个了,够了。