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Grammatical Functions of State Adjectives

Compared with the general adjectives, the state adjectives have several grammatical functions. State adjectives are used to describe the state of something. When the foreign students are taking Mandarin language courses in China, they should know something about the functions of the state adjectives.

The first grammatical function of the state adjectives is served as predicate, attributive, complement and adverbial. When the state adjectives are playing the role of predicate and complement, the pattern AB should be used besides the addition of the word 的 after the pattern. When the state adjectives are used as the attributive and adverbial, the word 的or 地 is used after the state adjective. For example, the sentence is like this她的脸红通通的. The state adjective is 红通通 which is used as the predicate of the sentence. You can see there was a 的 after the state adjective. Another example will be needed to reinforce the understanding for you. The example is 他旅行了一个月,晒得黑不溜秋的. In this sentence, the state adjective 黑不溜秋 is served as the complement. The word 的is also used after the state adjective. The sentence is to describe the skin color of the travelers which is black. The state adjective is used as attributive in the following sentence 图书馆前边是一片碧绿的草地There is a 的after the state adjective 碧绿. The state adjective is used as adverbial in the sentence他急匆匆地跑了过去 in which the state adjective is 急匆匆 combined with the word 地.

The second grammatical function of the state adjectives is that they can not be modified by 不and 很. So when one sees the combination like 很漆黑,非常热乎乎的,最通红,不雪白, 不红彤彤,不稀里糊涂 in the free Chinese lessons, then he can judge the combinations like the above are not right. The reason for this is that the state adjectives have included the description of the features and state. For example, 雪白means as white as snow.

The third grammatical rule is that the state adjective can not followed by the complement. One can not say 乌黑极了and 冰凉得不得了. So when one sees such false combinations, he can judge the combinations are wrong and thus choose not to use these combinations.

The fourth grammatical rule is that the reduplication of the state adjectives is different from the general adjectives. The reduplication form of the general adjective is AABB while the state adjective is ABAB. One can say 雪白or 雪白雪白 but he can not say 雪雪白白.

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