Our free Chinese lesson today is going to give some grammar of comparative sentences and tell the differences of these sentences in Chinese translation.

Warming Up:
老师：junio，你有多高？
Junio：我有一米七。
老师：哦，老师一米六，所以老师比你矮。

老师：anna，你多大？
Anna：我36岁。
老师：老师今年24岁，老师比anna小12岁。
After having this free Chinese lesson, you will better understand the differences of these comparative sentences in Chinese translation.
1. Comparative sentence is the one which compare the differences of two persons, degrees and quality of two things.
例：姐姐的裙子跟妹妹的一样。(jiě jie de qún zi gēn mèi mei de yí yang.)
姐姐比妹妹高。(jiě jie bǐ mèi mei gāo.)
2. A+跟（和）B+（不）一样
① This comparative sentence aims to compare the similarity or difference of the quality and state of two things.
例： 这个字的读音和那个字的读音一样。(zhè ge zì de dú yīn hé nà gè zì de dú yīn yí yàng.)
他的手机跟我的不一样。(tā de shǒu jī gēn wǒ de bù yí yàng.)
Affirmative：A+跟（和）B+一样
Negation：A+跟（和）B+不一样
② Comparative sentences above can be transformed into this pattern：
A+跟B一样+adj./verb： the Chinese translation is that A is the same with B in a certain aspect. 
例：姐姐和妹妹一样高。(jiě jie hé mèi mei yí yàng gāo.)
这间屋子跟那间不一样大。(zhè jiān wū zi gēn nà jiān bù yí yàng dà.)
她和我一样喜欢孩子。(tā hé wǒ yí yàng xǐ huan hái zi.)
3. A+有（没有）B+那么（这么）+ adj./verb
① This comparative sentence also compares the similarity or difference of two things. But the difference with the sentence above is: this sentence compares A with B; B is the standard or reference; it aims to see if A has reached the state or degree of B. In this sentence, “那么”means “that”, “这么”means “this”. 
例：妹妹快有姐姐这么高了。(mèi mei kuài yǒu jiě jie zhè me gāo le.)
上海的夏天没有南京那么热。(shàng hǎi de xià tiān méi yǒu nán jīng nà me rè.)
Structure：subject+（adverb）+adverbial modifier+这么/那么+adj./verb
Affirmative：A+有B+这么/那么+ adj./verb
Negation：A+没有B+这么/那么+ adj./verb
② This sentence pattern will often be used in question and rhetorical question:
例：你有他那么聪明吗？(nǐ yǒu tā nà me cōng míng ma?)
你有她大吗？(nǐ yǒu tā dà ma ？)
4. Comparative sentence of“比”
① Comparative sentence of“比”is the comparative sentence that the comparative object drawn forth by preposition“比”and it is the main comparative pattern in Chinese. 
例：姐姐比妹妹高。(jiě jie bǐ mèi mei gāo.)
这间屋子比那间屋子大。( zhè jiān wū zi bǐ nà jiān wū zi dà.)
② A+比B+ adj./verb +（other components）
例：我的手机比他的手机贵一点儿。(wǒ de shǒu jī bǐ tā de shǒu jī guì yì dián ér.)
他比我高得多。(tā bǐ wǒ gāo dé duō.)
这家饭店不比那家饭店便宜。(zhè jiā fàn diàn bù bǐ nà jiā fàn diàn pián yi.)
Structure: subject + adverbial modifier + predicate+（other components）
Affirmative：A+比B+ adj./verb +（other components）
Negation：A+不比B+ adj./verb
③ A+比B+还（更）+ adj./verb 
例：妹妹比姐姐还高。(mèi mei bǐ jiě jie hái gāo.)
妈妈比爸爸更忙。(mā ma bǐ bà ba gèng máng.)
大卫比安娜更努力。(dà wèi bǐ ān nà gèng nǔ lì.)
Structure：subject + adverbial modifier + adverbial modifier + predicate
肯定式：A+比B+还（更）+ adj./verb
5. Attention：
① A+比B+ adj./verb +（other components）
“Other components” here point out the specific differences of two persons or things. Generally speaking, they are quantifier and complements.
例：他比我小三岁。(tā bǐ wǒ xiǎo sān suì.)
我比他高一点儿。(wǒ bǐ tā gāo yì dián ér.)
他比我跑得快得多。(tā bǐ wǒ pǎo dé kuài dé duō.)
But negative pattern has only the comparison for two things. Therefore “other components” which mean specific difference of two things in Chinese translation will be not necessary in negative sentences. 
② Negation of“A+比B+ adj./verb”
There are two types of negation:
A+比B+ adj./verb A+不比B+ adj./verb
A+没（有）B+ adj./verb

The Chinese translations for these two types of negative sentences are different. 
例：他没有我高。(tā méi yǒu wǒ gāo.)（I’m taller than him.）
他不比我高。(tā bù bǐ wǒ gāo.)（Maybe I am taller than him; maybe he is as tall as me.） 
③ The difference between“A+比B+ adj./verb” and “A+比B+还/更+ adj./verb”.
例：他比我高。(tā bǐ wǒ gāo.)
他比我还高。(tā bǐ wǒ hái gāo.) 
“还、更”has the function of emphasis in Chinese translation.
The difference of the two sentences is : “我”in the former sentence can be both tall and short； “我”in the latter sentence has been quite tall, but “他” is taller than “我”.