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Lesson 4 – Intermediate – Comparison of Chinese Sentence Patterns Made by “把” and “被”

The Chinese sentence patterns made up by “把” and “被” are sometimes identical in meaning and in use.

In Chinese sentence patterns made up by “把” and “被”, the noun compositions are put in the front of the predicative verbs, which often mean disposal and which ware not used alone and usually are supported by some related elements in front or at back. 
For example:
他又带回来(一位)客人。———他又把客人带回来了。
我办完了今天该办的事。———-我把今天该办的事都办完了。
* 他又把客人带。
* 我把今天该办的事都办。
老师批评了小张一顿。——-小张被老师批评了一顿。
弟弟的事搅得我心神不定的。——我被弟弟的事搅得心神不定的。
(My bother’s trouble makes me distracted. ——I was distracted by my brother’s trouble.)
* 小张被老师批评。
* 我被弟弟的事搅。

when the Chinese sentence with “把” or “被” is a negative sentence, the negative word should be used before “把” and “被” and generally can not be use after the phrase led by “把” or “被”. It is widely used in Chinese sentences.
For example:
他没把这些题做完,我就不走了。
不把这些题做完,我就补走了。
从小到大,他从来没有被妈妈打过。
(From his childhood on, he has never been beaten by his mother.)
他第一次尝到不被他人信任的苦头。
* 他把作业没交给老师。
* 把这些题做不完,我就不走了。
* 他从来被妈妈没打过。
* 他第一次尝到被他人不信任的苦头。

The Chinese sentences made up by “把” or “被” are two kinds of totally different patterns.

The Chinese sentence element introduced by “把” is different from that by “被”. The one led by “把” is usually the action receiver in the sentence; and the one by “被” is the action doer.
For example:
大家把会议室打扫干净了。 (打扫会议室)
(action receiver) (action receiver)

会议室被大家打扫干净。 (大家打扫)
(action doer) (action doer)

Among the, Chinese sentences, the subject in the “把” sentences is the action doer, while the subject in the “被” sentence is the action receiver. Therefore, “把” sentences are active ones; and “被” sentences are passive ones.
For example:
狂风把桥边的大柳树刮倒了。 (狂风刮)
(action doer) (action receiver)

桥边的大柳树被狂风刮倒了。 (刮大柳树) 
(action receiver) (action doer)

From the view point of Chinese sentences, “把” sentences mainly indicate how the action doer deals with or influences the receiver, while “被” sentences mainly indicate the unpleasant or unexpected happening to the receiver.
For example:
大雨把石子小路冲刷得干干净净。
你快去把他找回来吧!
战斗中,他不幸被一颗子弹射中了。
(Unfortunately, he was hit by a bullet in the battle.)
这件事使他一直被人瞧不起。
(This made him looked down upon all along.)

From the perspective of Chinese sentence structure from “把” and “被” type, the object by “把” can not be omitted in the word group led by “把”, while in the word group led by “被”, when the object introduced by “被” is not clear or is unnecessary to be illustrated, it can be omitted.
For example:
我把饭做好了。
* 我把做好了。

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