The compound complement of direction is used to indicate the direction of an act. When a verb denoting directions such as 上,下,进,出,回,过 and 起is followed by 来or去 and placed after another verb to function as a complement, it is a compound complement of direction. Such a complement indicates the direction of an act. Some common ones are listed as the following. thus, the words combinations are 上来(去),下来(去),进来(去),出来(去),回来(去),过来(去), and 起来. When the foreign students are doing the HSK preparation program in China, they should pay attention to the usage of the compound complement of direction. Let’s see some grammatical points.
The directions indicated by 来and 去are determined by the relationship between the speaker and the referred thing. The usage is the same as the simple complement of direction. For example, 她走出学校去了 she went out from the school. Another example is 我买回来一本书 I bought a book. If the verb takes an object that denotes a place, the object must be placed before 来or 去. For example, 我看见他走进图书馆去了 I saw him go into the library. The object 图书馆is placed before 去. Thus, the sentence我看见他走进去图书馆了 is not right.
If the object denotes things, it can be placed either before 来or去or after them. For example, 他从国外给我带回来一件礼物 he brought a gift from abroad. The object of the sentence is礼物gift. Thus, the word 来 can be placed after the object. 他从国外给我带回一件礼物来. If the verb does not take an object, the word 了can be placed after the verb, before the complement or at the end of the sentence. For example, 刚一下课,同学们就都跑了出去. The verb of the sentence 跑does not have any complement. Thus, the sentence can be changed into like the following. 刚一下课,同学们就都跑出去了.
if the verb takes an object that denotes place, 了is placed at the end of the sentence. For example, in the sentence 他们都爬上山去了they all climbed the mountain, the verb of the sentence 爬is followed by the object 山. Thus, the word 了is placed at t eh end of the sentence according to the above grammar. If the verb takes an object that denotes things, 了is placed after the complement and before the object. For example, in the sentence 我给朋友寄回去了一本介绍中国的书I sent a book about introduction of China, the verb 寄has the object 书. The word 了is placed after the complement 去and before the object 书.
When the foreign students learn Mandarin Chinese, they should pay attention to the above grammatical points. When they express the direction of an act, they should remember the grammatical points in the mind.